转移酶 (Transferases,EC 2)

GSTK1 gene encodes a member of the kappa class of the glutathione transferase superfamily of enzymes that function in cellular detoxification. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze a variety of reactions in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. They catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione with potentially toxic, xenobiotic substrates, thus aiding excretion from the body. GSTK1(glutathione S-transferase kappa 1) is localized to the peroxisome and catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to a wide range of hydrophobic substates facilitating the removal of these compounds from cells. GSTK1 functions in cellular detoxification.

Genetic engineers have used glutathione S-transferase to create the GST gene fusion system. This system is used to purify and detect proteins of interest. In a GST gene fusion system, the GST sequence is incorporated into an expression vector alongside the gene sequence encoding the protein of interest. Induction of protein expression from the vector's promoter results in expression of a fusion protein: the protein of interest fused to the GST protein. This GST-fusion protein can then be purified from cells via its high affinity for glutathione. GST is commonly used to create fusion proteins. The tag has the size of 22amino acids(roughly 26 KDa), which, compared to other tags like the Myc- or the FLAG-tag, is quite big. However, many commercially-available sources of GST-tagged plasmids include athrombindomain for cleavage of the GST tag during protein purification.

GSK3B Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50.4 kDa and the accession number is P49841-2.

Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in the selection and maturation of developing T-cells in the thymus and in the function of mature T-cells. Plays a key role in T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-linked signal transduction pathways. Constitutively associated with the cytoplasmic portions of the CD4 and CD8 surface receptors. Association of the TCR with a peptide antigen-bound MHC complex facilitates the interaction of CD4 and CD8 with MHC class II and class I molecules, respectively, thereby recruiting the associated LCK protein to the vicinity of the TCR CD3 complex. LCK then phosphorylates tyrosine residues within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) of the cytoplasmic tails of the TCR-gamma chains and CD3 subunits, initiating the TCR CD3 signaling pathway. Once stimulated, the TCR recruits the tyrosine kinase ZAP70, that becomes phosphorylated and activated by LCK. Following this, a large number of signaling molecules are recruited, ultimately leading to lymphokine production. LCK also contributes to signaling by other receptor molecules. Associates directly with the cytoplasmic tail of CD2, which leads to hyperphosphorylation and activation of LCK. Also plays a role in the IL2 receptor-linked signaling pathway that controls the T-cell proliferative response. Binding of IL2 to its receptor results in increased activity of LCK. Is expressed at all stages of thymocyte development and is required for the regulation of maturation events that are governed by both pre-TCR and mature alpha beta TCR. Phosphorylates other substrates including RUNX3, PTK2B PYK2, the microtubule-associated protein MAPT, RHOH or TYROBP. Interacts with FYB2.

IRAK3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (E. coli, His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

PRKN Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 55.6 kDa and the accession number is O60260.

Human Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1(VEGFR-1, FLT-1) is a member of the the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and Tyr protein kinase family and CSF-1 PDGF receptor subfamily. VEGFR-1 is widely expressed in human tissues including normal lung, placenta, liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues. It is specifically expressed in most of the vascular endothelial cellsand peripheral blood monocytes. VEGFR-1 contains seven Ig-like C2-type domains and one protein kinase domain. VEGFR-1is an essential receptor tyrosine kinase and plays an important role in theregulation of VEGF family-mediated vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. It is also mediators of neurotrophic activity and regulators of hematopoietic development. VEGFR-1 is a receptor for VEGF, VEGFB and PGF. It has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PGF.It may play an essential role as a negative regulator of embryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting excessive proliferation of endothelial cells and promote endothelial cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in adulthood. Its function in promoting cell proliferation seems to be cell-type specific. VEGFR-1 can also promote PGF-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells, proliferation of some types of cancer cells, but does not promote proliferation of normal fibroblasts (in vitro).

Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 B (UBE2B) is a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UBE2B accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. It is shown that UBE2B interacts with RAD18, UBR2, and WAC. UBE2B is required for post-replicative DNA damage repair. Additional, UBE2B plays a role in sepsis-induced muscle protein proteolysis and cancer-induced cachexia.

LATS1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

METTL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 70.4 kDa and the accession number is Q86U44.

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, differentiation or histone modifications. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors such as growth hormone (GHR), prolactin (PRLR), leptin (LEPR), erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (THPO); or type II receptors including IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and multiple interleukins. Following ligand-binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylated STATs then form homodimer or heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. For example, cell stimulation with erythropoietin (EPO) during erythropoiesis leads to JAK2 autophosphorylation, activation, and its association with erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) that becomes phosphorylated in its cytoplasmic domain. Then, STAT5 (STAT5A or STAT5B) is recruited, phosphorylated and activated by JAK2. Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates into the nucleus and promotes the transcription of several essential genes involved in the modulation of erythropoiesis. Part of a signaling cascade that is activated by increased cellular retinol and that leads to the activation of STAT5 (STAT5A or STAT5B). In addition, JAK2 mediates angiotensin-2-induced ARHGEF1 phosphorylation. Plays a role in cell cycle by phosphorylating CDKN1B. Cooperates with TEC through reciprocal phosphorylation to mediate cytokine-driven activation of FOS transcription. In the nucleus, plays a key role in chromatin by specifically mediating phosphorylation of 'Tyr-41' of histone H3 (H3Y41ph), a specific tag that promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin.

TRAF6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 75.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9Y4K3.

RIPK1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.4 kDa and the accession number is Q13546.

AMPK (G1 B2 A1) Heterotrimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & GST) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His and GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 160 kDa and the accession number is P54619&O43741&Q13131-1.

VRK1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 45.6 kDa and the accession number is Q99986.

Sulfate conjugation catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. The SULTs are Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the addition of a sulfuryl moiety to both endogenous compounds, including steroids and neurotransmitters, and certain xenobiotics, including N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminoflourine and phenolic compounds, like alpha-naphthol. SULTs may be involved in the individual genetic disposition, species differences, and organotropisms for toxicological effects of chemicals. Particularly SULT1A1 (Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1), a member of the sulfotransferase 1 subfamily, which is a major pathway for drug metabolism in humans. Humans have at least 10 functional SULT genes. There has been an explosion in information on sulfotransferase polymorphisms and their functional consequences. An Arg213His polymorphism in SULT1A1 has a strong influence on the level of enzyme protein and activity in platelets, which have been widely used for phenotyping. Statistically significant associations were observed between the SULT1A1 genotype (Arg213His) and age, obesity and certain neoplasias (mammary, pulmonary, esophageal and urothelial cancer). Furthermore, the polymorphism of the SULT1A1 may be closely associated with breast cancer.

v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), or protein kinase B-alpha (PKB-ALPHA) is a serine-threonine protein kinase, belonging to the Protein Kinase Superfamily. AKT1 is a major mediator of the responses to insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and glucose. AKT1 also plays a key role in the regulation of both muscle cell hypertrophy and atrophy. AKT1 activity is required for physiologic cardiac growth in response to IGF1 stimulation or exercise training. In contrast, AKT1 activity was found to antagonize pathologic cardiac growth that occurs in response to endothelin 1 stimulation or pressure overload. AKT1 selectively promotes physiological cardiac growth while AKT2 selectively promotes insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose metabolism. AKT1 deletion prevented tumor initiation as well as tumor progression, coincident with decreased Akt signaling in tumor tissues. AKT1 is the primary Akt isoform activated by mutant K-ras in lung tumors, and that AKT3 may oppose AKT1 in lung tumorigenesis and lung tumor progression. A number of separate studies have implicated AKT1 as an inhibitor of breast epithelial cell motility and invasion. AKT1 may have a dual role in tumorigenesis, acting not only pro-oncogenically by suppressing apoptosis but also anti-oncogenically by suppressing invasion and metastasis.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

OGT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.5 kDa and the accession number is O15294.

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1) is an enzyme. It is mainly expressed in spermatogonia and Localized on the principle piece in the sperm. Its expression significantly decreased in the testis of elderly men. PGK1 involved in a critical energy-producing process known as glycolysis. It helps carry out a chemical reaction that converts a molecule called 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, which is produced during the breakdown of glucose, to another molecule called 3-phosphoglycerate during glycolysis. PGK1 may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. The protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions.

HER2 ERBB2 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 70 kDa and the accession number is P04626-1.

CSNK2A2 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 41.4 kDa and the accession number is P19784.

MAT2A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Yeast.

GSTA1 (Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 1) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes a member of a family of enzymes that function to add glutathione to target electrophilic compounds. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of carcinogens and may be linked to carcinogenesis. As a vital component of GSTs, GSTA1 plays an important role in carcinogenesis. GSTA1 expression may be a target molecule in the early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Human colonic adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells in culture undergo spontaneous differentiation into mature enterocytes in association with progressive increases in expression of glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 (GSTA1). GSTA1 levels may play a role in modulating enterocyte proliferation but do not influence differentiation or apoptosis. GSTA1 may play a key role during pregnancy.

Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine. ABAT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 73.3 kDa and the accession number is P80404.

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, also known as MAP kinase kinase 2, MAPKK2, ERK activator kinase 2, MAPK ERK kinase 2, MEK2 and MAP2K2, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser Thr protein kinase family and MAP kinase kinase subfamily. MAP2K2 MEK2 contains one protein kinase domain. MEK1 and MEK2 (also known as MAP2K1 and MAP2K2, respectively) are evolutionarily conserved, dual-specificity kinases that mediate Erk1 and Erk2 activation during adhesion and growth factor signaling. MAP2K1 MEK1 is a crucial modulator of Mek and Erk signaling and have potential implications for the role of MEK1 and MEK2 in tumorigenesis. MAP2K2 MEK2 catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in MAP kinases. It also activates the ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases. Defects in MAP2K2 are a cause of Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome (CFC Syndrome) which is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects, and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

Key enzyme for ketone body catabolism. Transfers the CoA moiety from succinate to acetoacetate. Formation of the enzyme-CoA intermediate proceeds via an unstable anhydride species formed between the carboxylate groups of the enzyme and substrate. OXCT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56.1 kDa and the accession number is P55809.

VEGFR3 FLT4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 86 kDa and the accession number is P35916-1.

PARP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 114.5 kDa and the accession number is A0A024R3T8.

B3GAT1 is the key enzyme during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1, which is present on a number of cell adhesion molecules important in neurodevelopment. It adds a glucuronic residue to the terminal lactosamine residue (Gal beta 14GlcNAc) of a glycoprotein or glycolipid, which can be further sulfated to become the HNK1 epitope, a unique trisaccharide structure, HSO3-3GlcA beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. The enzyme activity was found to be enhanced in the presence of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol. The HNK1 carbohydrate epitope is characteristically expressed on a series of cell adhesion molecules in addition to some glycolipids in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface in the nervous system, where it is involved in cell-cell and cell-substratum interaction and recognition during the development of the nervous system. Like most known glycosyltransferases, B3GAT1 is a type II Golgi-resident transmembrane protein with a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain and a single pass transmembrane domain followed by an enzymatic domain in the lumen of Golgi apparatus. The enzyme activity was assayed using a phosphatase-coupled method.

Human Deoxyhypusine Synthase (DHS) is vital for the first step of hypusine biosynthesis. DHS catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidative cleavage of spermidine, the subsequent transfer of the butylamine moiety of spermidine to the epsilon-amino group of a specific lysine residue of the eIF-5A precursor protein to form the intermediate deoxyhypusine residue.

HER2 ERBB2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 90-120 KDa and the accession number is P04626.

Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 S (UBE2S) is a member of the Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme family. UBE2S interacts with CDC20, FZR1 CDH1 and VHL. UBE2S can form a thiol ester linkage with Ubiquitin in an Ubiquitin Activating Enzyme-Dependent manner, a characteristic property of Ubiquitin Carrier Proteins. UBE2S acts as an essential factor of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Cyclosome, a cell cycle-regulated Ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis. UBE2S is also involved in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of VHL, resulting in an accumulation of HIF1A.

Tyrosine kinase of the non-receptor type, involved in the IFN-alpha beta gamma signal pathway. Kinase partner for the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor as well as interleukin (IL)-10 receptor. Directly phosphorylates STAT but also activates STAT signaling through the transactivation of other JAK kinases associated with signaling receptors.

CK1d Protein, Human, Recombinant (In production) is expressed in Baculovirus expression system. The accession number is P02778.

RPB1 Protein, Drosophila melanogaster, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.6 kDa and the accession number is P04052.

Possesses two activities: a DNA synthesis (polymerase) and an exonucleolytic activity that degrades single-stranded DNA in the 3'- to 5'-direction. Has a template-primer preference which is characteristic of a replicative DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase II large subunit Protein, Cenarchaeum symbiosum, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 59.0 kDa and the accession number is A0RYM0.

PBP1a Protein, Clostridium botulinum, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

DNA-PKcs Protein, Dictyostelium discoideum, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

NDK, cytosolic Protein, Dictyostelium discoideum, Recombinant (His & V5) is expressed in E. coli.

Phosphorylates a specific serine in the N-terminus of a myosin light chain, which leads to the formation of calmodulin MLCK signal transduction complexes which allow selective transduction of calcium signals. MLCK Protein, Chicken, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 52.9 kDa and the accession number is P11799.

LGTase Protein, Citrus unshiu, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus.

Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in untargeted mutagenesis. Copies undamaged DNA at stalled replication forks, which arise in vivo from mismatched or misaligned primer ends. These misaligned primers can be extended by PolIV. Exhibits no 3'-5' exonuclease (proofreading) activity. May be involved in translesional synthesis, in conjunction with the beta clamp from PolIII. DNA polymerase IV Protein, Colwellia psychrerythraea, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 39.3 kDa and the accession number is Q487H6.

Diphtheria toxin Protein, Corynephage omega, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

Cell wall formation. Catalyzes the transfer of a GlcNAc subunit on undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc-pentapeptide (lipid intermediate I) to form undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc-(pentapeptide)GlcNAc (lipid intermediate II). MURG Protein, Bacillus subtilis, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.9 kDa and the accession number is P37585.

Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the 2 position. This enzyme can utilize either acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP as the fatty acyl donor. 1-AGPAT Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.5 kDa and the accession number is P26647.

In eubacteria ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate) is a mediator of the stringent response which coordinates a variety of cellular activities in response to changes in nutritional abundance. This enzyme catalyzes both the synthesis and degradation of ppGpp. The second messengers ppGpp and c-di-GMP together control biofilm formation in response to translational stress; ppGpp represses biofilm formation while c-di-GMP induces it. ppGpp activates transcription of CsrA-antagonistic small RNAs CsrB and CsrC, which downregulate CsrA's action on translation during the stringent response.

Catalyzes the last two sequential reactions in the de novo biosynthetic pathway for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). The C-terminal domain catalyzes the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcN-1-P) to produce N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is converted into UDP-GlcNAc by the transfer of uridine 5-monophosphate (from uridine 5-triphosphate), a reaction catalyzed by the N-terminal domain.