NHS-5(6)Carboxyrhodamine is a fluorescent dye employed for precise labeling of proteins through fluorescence. This compound enables the achievement of accurate ratios of dye to protein, even when used under native conditions.
4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Galactopyranoside-6-sulfate (sodium salt) (4-MU-Gal-6S) is a fluorogenic substrate used to quantify N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (GALNS) activity. 4-MU-Gal-6S is cleaved by GALNS to release the fluorescent moiety 4-MU. 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. It has been used to detect Morquio disease type A, a lysosomal storage disorder in which GALNS is deficient. 4-MU-Gal-6S can be used to assess GALNS activity in a very small blood volume to determine the extent of deficiency.
ROX dyes have a strong red fluorescence.Their excitation and emission wavelengths are longer than those of traditional rhodamine dyes.They are used as labels for peptides, proteins, and other biological ligands.5-ROX, 6-ROx, and their mixture of 5(6) -RoX
The cell-permeant pH indicator, carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester, acetate (CAS #126208-13-7) has a pKa of ~7.5 after de-esterification, thus is useful for measuring pH changes between pH 7 and pH 8. Carboxy-SNARF-1 exhibits a significant pH-dependent
Fluo-3 is a fluorescent calcium indicator commonly used in flow cytometry and cell-based experiments to detect changes in intracellular calcium levels. Its absorption maximum at 506 nm makes it compatible with excitation at 488 nm by argon-ion laser sources. Fluo-3 provides intense fluorescence upon binding calcium, detected at a maximum emission at 526 nm which can be monitored by FL1 (green, 525 nm band pass) sensors in flow cytometry.
5(6)-Carboxy-2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate is an oxidant-sensitive and cell-permeable fluorescent probe.1Base hydrolysis of the ester bonds by intracellular esterases releases the acetate groups and the resulting compound, 5(6)-carboxy-2’,7’,-dichlorofluorescein, is oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and displays excitation emission maxima of 504 and 530 nm, respectively, which can be quantified as a measure of oxidant production. 1.Hempel, S.L., Buettner, G.R., O’Malley, Y.Q., et al.Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: Comparison with 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 5(and 6)-carboxy-2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123Free Radic. Biol. Med.27(1-2)146-159(1999)
5(6)-CR110 [5-(and 6)-Carboxyrhodamine 110] *Mixed isomers* is a Fluorescein for peptide and oligonucleotide labeling. Compared to fluorescein labeling reagents such as FITC and FAM, CR110 reagents give more photostable and pH-independent bioconjugates that have the absorption maximum around the preferred 488 nm excitation wavelength. They are photostable alternative reagents superior to FITC and FAM.
4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-α-D-Glucopyranoside (4-MU-α-GlcNS) is a fluorogenic substrate of heparin sulphamidase. Heparin sulphamidase cleaves 4-MU-α-GlcNS to yield 4-MU-α-GlcNH2, which is then cleaved by α-glucosaminidase to release the fluorescent product 4-MU, which displays an emission maxima of 445-454 nm. The excitation maxima for 4-MU is pH-dependent: 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively. 4-MU-α-GlcNS has been used to quantify heparin sulphamidase deficiencies associated with Mucopolisaccaridosis IIIA and other lysosomal disorders.
5(6)-CR110, SE [5-(and 6)-Carboxyrhodamine 110, succinimidyl ester] *Mixed isomers* is a Fluorescein for peptide and oligonucleotide labeling. Compared to fluorescein labeling reagents such as FITC and FAM, CR110 reagents give more photostable and pH-independent bioconjugates that have the absorption maximum around the preferred 488 nm excitation wavelength. They are photostable alternative reagents superior to FITC and FAM.
5(6)-TAMRA contains a carboxylic acid that can be used to react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation of the carboxylic acid. This bright, orange-fluorescent dye produces conjugates with absorption/emission maxima of ~555/580 nm.