glucocerebrosidase

PFB-FDGlu 是一种溶酶体葡糖脑苷脂酶（GCase）底物，具有细胞渗透特异性，裂解后产生荧光素。PFB-FDGlu 通常与流式细胞仪结合使用，以单个细胞为基础测量活细胞中 GCase 的活性。

NCGC00092410 (ML008) 是一种葡萄糖脑苷脂酶 (glucocerebrosidase, GC) 抑制剂，IC50 值为 31 nM。可用于由糖脑苷酶基因突变引起的戈谢病的研究。

Ambroxol (NA-872) 是前药溴己辛的活性代谢产物，是一种分泌溶解剂，具有强效祛痰作用，用于治疗与粘液或过多粘液相关的呼吸道疾病。它可诱导肺组织细胞自噬，有用于帕金森氏病和神经性戈谢病的研究潜力。它是一种葡糖脑苷脂酶伴侣，可增加葡糖脑苷脂酶的活性。

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Mucosolvan) 是前药溴己辛的活性代谢产物，是一种葡糖脑苷脂酶伴侣，可增加葡糖脑苷脂酶的活性。它可刺激粘液纤毛作用并清除呼吸道中的空气通道，具有强效祛痰作用。它可诱导肺细胞自噬，有用于帕金森氏病和神经性戈谢病的研究潜力。

WAY-640509是一种葡糖脑苷酶抑制剂。

ML266 是葡萄糖脑苷脂酶 (GCase) 分子伴侣， IC50值为 2.5 µM。ML266与 GCase 结合并将其转运至溶酶体，恢复 GCase 酶的活性。ML266 不会抑制 GCase 的活性。ML266 具有研究戈谢病的潜力。

ML198 是葡萄糖脑苷脂酶激活剂(EC50:0.4 μM)。它不会抑制该酶的作用，且能促进其易位至溶酶体，可用于研究戈谢病。

NCGC 607 是一种葡萄糖脑苷酶的非抑制性分子伴侣。

Gcase activator 1 (LTI-291) 是葡糖脑苷脂酶 (Gcase) 的激活剂。

Glucocerebrosidase (Glucosylceramidase; GBA) 是溶酶体内的酶，负责催化GC中的β-糖苷键裂解，从而生成葡萄糖和神经酰胺。

Glucocerebrosidase-IN-1 (compound 11a) hydrochloride，是一种针对GCase的高效选择性抑制剂，展现出了29.3 μM的IC50和18.5 μM的Ki。该化合物适用于戈谢病（GD）与帕金森病（PD）相关研究。

Glucocerebrosidase-IN-1 (compound 11a) 是一种有效的选择性的GCase(葡糖脑苷脂酶)抑制剂，其IC50为 29.3 μM，Ki 为 18.5 μM。由于GCase 参与酶缺乏性病理疾病，Glucocerebrosidase-IN-1 可用于戈谢病 (GD) 和帕金森病 (PD) 的研究。

HPSE1-IN-1 (compound 16) 作为 Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) 的选择性抑制剂，具有针对外切-β-d-葡萄糖醛酸酶 (GUSβ) 和葡萄糖脑苷脂酶 (GBA) 的中等抑制效果。

13C6 Glucosylsphingosine (d18:1) is an isotopically enriched form of 1-β-D-glucosylsphingosine (d18:1) that is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1-β-D-glucosylsphingosine by GC- or LC-MS. 1-β-D-Glucosylsphingosine is a lysolipid derivative of glucosylcerebroside that decreases activity of glucocerebrosidase in LA-N-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Glucosylsphingosine（lyso-Gb1）作为糖基神经酰胺的脱酰基产物，同样能被糖脑苷酶所降解。该化合物是监测戈谢病的一个极具潜力、可靠且特异的生物标志物。

Therapeutic agent-1 是一种杂芳基化合物，用于戈谢病的葡萄糖脑苷脂酶活性酶替代疗法。

1-β-D-Glucosylsphingadienine is a glucosylsphingosine, which are deacetylated lysolipid derivatives of glucosylcerebrosides . They are formed when sphingosines undergo glucosidation by UDP-glucose. Glucosylsphingosines completely reduce neurite outgrowth and induce death of LA-N-2 cells at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM, respectively. They also decrease the activity of glucocerebrosidase in LA-N-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Glucosylsphingosine levels are elevated in patients with Gaucher's disease, both in the spleen (in types 1, 2, and 3) and brain (type 2 and 3); thus, glucosylsphingosine has been used as a key biomarker of the disease. This product contains 1-β-D-glucosylsphingadienine isolated from plants.

C2 Adamantanyl Galactosylceramide (d18:1/2:0) (AdaGalCer) is a bioactive sphingolipid. It reduces globotriaosylceramide 3 synthesis from exogenous lactosylceramide in microsomes. AdaGalCer stimulates recombinant glucocerebrosidase activity in a pH-dependent manner. It activates glucocerebrosidase to decrease glucosylceramide accumulation in fibroblasts and lymphoblasts isolated from patients with Gaucher and Fabry disease, respectively.

HPSE1-IN-2（compound 2）作为一种Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) 抑制剂，同时也能抑制外切-β-d-葡萄糖醛酸酶 (GUSβ) 和葡萄糖脑苷脂酶 (GBA) 的活性。

Ambroxol acefylline 是活性代谢产物，源自前体溴己辛，具有显著的祛痰效果。作为一种葡糖脑苷脂酶 (GCase) 伴侣，它能提升葡糖脑苷脂酶的活性。此外，Ambroxol acefylline 能诱导肺部自噬，并展现在帕金森氏病和神经性戈谢病研究中的应用潜力。

Gcase activator 2（compound 14）为一种吡咯[2,3-b]吡嗪类化合物，兼具β-葡萄糖脑苷酶（Gcase）激活剂的功能，其EC50值为3.8 μM。该化合物能促进Gcase的二聚化，包括k型和v型。此外，Gcase activator 2在人体和小鼠体内展现出较低的代谢清除率。

Sphingomyelins are complex membrane lipids composed of phosphorylcholine, sphingosine, and an acylated group, such as a fatty acid. Lysosphingomyelin is a naturally-occurring lipid which is produced by the removal of the acylated group of sphingomyelin by a deacylase. Lysosphingomyelin may, in turn, serve as a substrate for autotaxin, which removes choline to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate. The receptors and signaling pathways that are activated by lyso-sphingosine are diverse and vary between cell types. Lysosphingomyelin occurs naturally in plasma, is a constituent of lipoproteins, and is increased in some diseases, including dermatitis and Niemann-Pick disease.

Lactosylsphingosine is a bioactive sphingolipid and a form of lactosylceramide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. Lyso-lactosylceramide (1-50 μM) reduces viability of human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner. Unlike lactosylceramide,lactosylsphingosine has no effect on protein synthesis and cell proliferation in cardiomyocytes. Lactosylsphingosine is a precursor in the synthesis of lyso-ganglioside GM3.

L-threo Lysosphingomyelin (d18:1) (L-threo-Sphingosylphosphorylcholine) is a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid. It acts as a potent agonist for S1P receptors, with EC50 values of 19.3, 131.8, and 313.3 nM for hS1P1, hS1P3, and hS1P2, respectively.

Lyso-globotriaosylceramide is a form of globotriaosylceramide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. It binds to Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) in the presence of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine but does not bind Stx2. It also reduces viability and aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate when used at concentrations of 50 and 1 μM, respectively. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. It also accumulates in the urine, kidney, and plasma of patients with Fabry disease. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide levels decrease in response to administration of the α-galactosidase inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin in a transgenic mouse model of Fabry disease. Decreases in plasma and urine concentrations of lyso-globotriaosylceramide have been used as a biomarker for efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and other therapies in the treatment of Fabry disease.

Lysosphingomyelin is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid and a constituent of lipoproteins.1,2It is produced by the removal of the acyl group from sphingomyelin by a deacylase and acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate . D-erythroLysosphingomyelin is an agonist of the S1P receptors S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3(EC50s = 167.7, 368.1, and 482.6 nM, respectively, for the human receptors).3It is also an agonist of the orphan receptor ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (ORG1) that induces calcium accumulation in cells overexpressing OGR1 (EC50= ~35 nM).4Levels of D-erythrolysosphingomyelin are increased in skin isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis, as well as postmortem brain from patients with Niemann-Pick disease type A, but not type B.2,5L-threolysosphingomyelin is also an S1P1-3agonist (EC50s = 19.3, 131.8, and 313.3 nM, respectively).3This product is a mixture of D-erythroand L-threolysosphingomyelin. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1321] 1.Ito, M., Kurita, T., and Kita, K.A novel enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of ceramides in various glycosphingolipids as well as sphingomyelin to produce their lyso formsJ. Biol. Chem.270(41)24370-24374(1995) 2.Nixon, G.F., Mathieson, F.A., and Hunter, I.The multi-functional role of sphingosylphosphorylcholineProg. Lipid Res.47(1)62-75(2008) 3.Im, D.-S., Clemens, J., Macdonald, T.L., et al.Characterization of the human and mouse sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, S1P5 (Edg-8): Structure-activity relationship of sphingosine1-phosphate receptorsBiochemistry40(46)14053-14060(2001) 4.Meyer zu Heringdorf, D., Himmel, H.M., and Jakobs, K.H.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-biological functions and mechanisms of actionBiochim. Biophys. Acta1582(1-3)178-189(2002) 5.Rodriguez-Lafrasse, C., and Vanier, M.T.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine in Niemann-Pick disease brain: Accumulation in type A but not in type BNeurochem. Res.24(2)199-205(1999)