hst 1

FGF (fibroblast growth factor) signalling is known to be required for many aspects of mesoderm formation and patterning during Xenopus development and has been implicated in regulating genes required for the specification of both blood and skeletal muscle lineages. Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling induces differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via the phosphorylation of downstream molecules such as mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-related kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-related kinase 1 2 (ERK1 2). Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 (FGF-4) could not only increase the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), but also induce BMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. FGF4 transduced BMSCs contributed to liver regeneration might by the transplanted microenvironment. The FGF4-bFGF BMSCs thus can enhance the survival of the transplanted cells, diminish myocardial fibrosis, promote myocardial angiogenesis, and improve cardiac functions.

Transthyretin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.2 kDa and the accession number is E9KL36.

Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase ( SULT2A1 ) is a key enzyme in the testicular and hepatic metabolism of 5alpha-androstenone, which is a major component of the off-odor and off-flavor in pork known as boar taint. Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. SULT2A1 is a sulfo-conjugating phase II enzyme expressed at very high levels in the liver and intestine, the two major first-pass metabolic tissues, and in the steroidogenic adrenal tissue. SULT2A1 acts preferentially on the hydroxysteroids dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone dihydrotestosterone, and pregnenolone and on cholesterol-derived amphipathic sterol bile acids.

Fibroblast growth factor 4(FGF-4) is a heparin binding member of the FGF family. The human FGF4 cDNA encodes 206 amino acids (aa) with a 33 aa signal sequence and a 173 aa mature protein with an FGF homology domain that contains a heparin binding region near the C-terminus. Mature human FGF4 shares 91%, 82%, 94% and 91% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine and bovine FGF4, respectively. Human FGF-4 has been shown to exhibit cross species activity. Expression of FGF-4 and its receptors, FGF R1c, 2c, 3c and 4, is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. FGF-4 is proposed to play a physiologically relevant role in human embryonic stem cell selfrenewal. It promotes stem cell proliferation, but may also aid differentiation depending on context and concentration, and is often included in embryonic stem cell media in vitro. FGF-4 is mitogenic for fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro and has autocrine transforming potential. It is a potent angiogenesis promoter in vivo and has been investigated as therapy for coronary artery disease.

MFGE8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42 kDa and the accession number is Q08431-1.

MFGE8 (Milk Fat Globule EGF And Factor V VIII Domain Containing) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with MFGE8 include Anal Paget's Disease and Topographical Agnosia. Among its related pathways are Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3 and Extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in recipient cells. This protein plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the promotion of mucosal healing.

Transthyretin is a highly conserved homotetrameric protein, mainly synthetized by the liver and the choroid plexus of brain. The carrier role of TTR is well-known; however, many other functions have emerged, namely in the nervous system. TTR aggregates are responsible for many amyloidosis such as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy. Normal TTR can also aggregate and deposit in the heart of old people and in preeclampsia placental tissue.

CNDP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 55.3 kDa and the accession number is Q96KN2.

MFGE8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His and Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.1 kDa and the accession number is Q08431.2.

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Yes, also known as Proto-oncogene c-Yes, p61-Yes and YES1, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Tyr protein kinase family and SRC subfamily. YES1 c-Yes contains one protein kinase domain, one SH2 domain and one SH3 domain. It is thought that the subcellular distribution of Src-family tyrosine kinases, including c-Yes binding to the cellular membrane, is membranous and or cytoplasmic. YES1 c-Yes protein tyrosine kinase is known to be related to malignant transformation. YES1 c-Yes and c-Src are the two most closely related members of the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Although there is much evidence to support redundancy in signaling between these two kinases. YES1 c-Yes promotes the formation of the tight junction by phosphorylating occludin, while c-Src signaling downregulates occludin formation in a Raf-1 dependent manner. YES1 c-Yes has tyrosine kinase activity. It promotes infectivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in epithelial cells by phosphorylating MCP CD46.

SERPINB3, also known as SCCA-1, belongs to the serpin family. Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. The acronym serpin was originally coined because many serpins inhibit chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. SERPINB3 is expressed in some hepatocellular carcinoma (at protein level). Its expression is closely related to cellular differentiation in both normal and malignant squamous cells. It seems to also be secreted in plasma by cancerous cells but at a low level. SERPINB3 significantly attenuates apoptosis by contrasting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and by antichemotactic effect for NK cells. It may act as a protease inhibitor to modulate the host immune response against tumor cells and may be involved in the malignant behavior of squamous cell carcinoma cells.