pfk-2

Fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3, also known as 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase or PFK2 or PFKFB3, involved in both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a regulatory molecule that controls the activity of the enzymes phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) to regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Highly phosphorylated PFKFB3 protein was found in human tumor cells, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Because of its proto-oncogenic character, the PFK-2 FBPase-2 of the PFKFB3 gene is assumed to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. PFKFB3 also plays a crucial role in the progression of cancerous cells by enabling their glycolytic pathways even under severe hypoxic conditions, which makes it a potential target for cancer therapy.

PFK1, also known as PFKM, is a regulatory glycolytic enzyme. PFK1 converts fructose 6-phosphate and ATP into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-1), fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-2) and ADP. It is a muscle-type isozyme. There are three phosphofructokinase isozymes in humans: muscle, liver and platelet. These isozymes function as subunits of the mammalian tetramer phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Mutations in PFK1 gene have been related to glycogen storage disease type VII, also identified as Tarui disease.

Fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3, also known as 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase or PFK2 or PFKFB3, is a potent activator of phosphofructokinase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. Highly phosphorylated PFKFB3 protein was found in human tumor cells, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-BP) is an allosteric activator of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1), a rate-limiting enzyme and essential control point in glycolysis. The concentration of PFK2 depends on the activity of the bifunctional enzyme, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2 FBPase). PFK2 controls the glycolytic flux via the allosteric activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Because of its proto-oncogenic character, the PFK-2 FBPase-2 of the PFKFB3 gene is assumed to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. The hypoxia-inducible form of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3) plays a crucial role in the progression of cancerous cells by enabling their glycolytic pathways even under severely hypoxic conditions.

6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type is a muscle-type isozyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKM gene. It belongs to the phosphofructokinase family and Two domains subfamily. PFKM functions as subunits of the mammalian tetramer phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. PFK1 converts fructose 6-phosphate and ATP into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-1), fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-2) and ADP.