H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA hydrochloride, a chromogenic substrate, mimics the N-terminal segment of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen, the native substrate of thrombin. It displays specificity towards thrombin and is employed for quantifying antithrombin-heparin cofactor (AT-III). The utilization of H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA hydrochloride in the AT-III assay enables a sensitive, accurate, and straightforward measurement process.
N-CBZ-Phe-Arg-AMC (Z-FR-AMC) is a substrate for serine proteases, including cathepsins, kallikrein, and plasmin. The substrate exhibits absorption emission at 330 390 nm (weak fluorescence), while the end product (AMC) shows absorption emission at 342 441 nm (strong fluorescence).
{Boc}-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe ({Boc}-FLFLF) is a selective antagonist of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family, effectively inhibiting receptor activity in response to formyl peptides.
Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1
H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA (S-2238) acetate is a chromogenic substrate designed based on the N-terminal fragment of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen, which is the physiological target of thrombin. As a specific indicator of thrombin activity, H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA acetate is utilized to quantify. This assay, utilizing H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA acetate, ensures high sensitivity, accuracy, and ease of execution.