protein arginine deiminase

Cl-amidine hydrochloride 是一种口服有效的PAD 抑制剂，可阻断组蛋白 3 瓜氨酸化和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的形成，并提高败血症小鼠的存活率。它可诱导癌细胞凋亡，还可诱导 miR-16 引起细胞周期阻滞。

GSK484 hydrochloride (GTPL8577) 是一种可逆的肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶 4 (PAD4) 抑制剂。它高亲和力与 PAD4 结合，在存在 2 mM 钙和不存在钙的情况下，IC50分别为 250 和 50 nM。

Acefylline (Theophylline-7-acetic acid) 是黄嘌呤衍生物，是一种腺苷受体拮抗剂。它是蛋白质精氨酸脱亚氨酶 (PAD) 激活剂，也是一种支气管扩张剂，可抑制大鼠肺 cAMP 磷酸二酯酶同工酶。

BMS-P5 是一种特异性具有口服活性的肽精氨酸二亚胺酶 4抑制剂。它可阻断多发性骨髓瘤诱导的 NET 形成，并延缓肿瘤进程。

BMS-P5 free base 是一种特异性，可口服的肽精氨酸二亚胺酶抑制剂，可阻断多发性骨髓瘤诱导的 NET 形成，并延缓肿瘤进程。

GSK199 是可逆的 PAD4选择性抑制剂，当缺少钙离子时，其 IC50值为 200 nM。

GSK121 Trifluoroacetate 是PAD4的选择性抑制剂。

Photoswitchable PAD inhibitor is a photoactivated protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor and a derivative of BB-Cl-amidine that contains an azobenzene photoswitch allowing optical control of PAD activity.1 Without photoactivation, it is a weak inhibitor of PAD2 (IC50 = >100 μM) and is less potent than BB-Cl-amidine in inhibiting citrulline production in vitro (kinact/KIs = 2,300, 600, 1,000, and 10,510 M-1min-1 for PAD1-4, respectively) and does not inhibit histone H3 citrullination in HEK293T cells overexpressing PAD2 when used at concentrations up to 100 μM. However, it can rapidly be photoactivated with UV-A radiation to the more active cis-isomer, which is an irreversible, competitive inhibitor of histone H3 citrullination with an IC50 value of 9.1 μM.References1. Mondal, S., Parelkar, S.S., Nagar, M., et al. Photochemical control of protein arginine deiminase (PAD) activity. ACS Chem. Biol. 13(4), 1057-1065 (2018). Photoswitchable PAD inhibitor is a photoactivated protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor and a derivative of BB-Cl-amidine that contains an azobenzene photoswitch allowing optical control of PAD activity.1 Without photoactivation, it is a weak inhibitor of PAD2 (IC50 = >100 μM) and is less potent than BB-Cl-amidine in inhibiting citrulline production in vitro (kinact/KIs = 2,300, 600, 1,000, and 10,510 M-1min-1 for PAD1-4, respectively) and does not inhibit histone H3 citrullination in HEK293T cells overexpressing PAD2 when used at concentrations up to 100 μM. However, it can rapidly be photoactivated with UV-A radiation to the more active cis-isomer, which is an irreversible, competitive inhibitor of histone H3 citrullination with an IC50 value of 9.1 μM. References1. Mondal, S., Parelkar, S.S., Nagar, M., et al. Photochemical control of protein arginine deiminase (PAD) activity. ACS Chem. Biol. 13(4), 1057-1065 (2018).

PAD2-IN-1, a benzimidazole-based derivative, is an efficacious and specific inhibitor of protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2). Demonstrating remarkable selectivity, PAD2-IN-1 exhibits a 95-fold higher affinity for PAD2 in comparison to PAD4 and a 79-fold higher affinity than PAD3.

YW3-56 is an inhibitor of protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and PAD4 (IC50s = 0.5-1 and 1-5 μM, respectively).1It inhibits the growth of U2OS osteosarcoma cells (IC50= ~2.5 μM) in a p53-dependent mannerviainduction of SESN2 and subsequent inhibition of mTORC1. YW3-56 (10 mg kg) reduces tumor growth in an S-180 murine sarcoma tumor model. It also inhibits tumor growth in the 1883 MDA-MB-231 breast cancer bone metastasis mouse xenograft model.2 1.Wang, Y., Li, P., Wang, S., et al.Anticancer peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitors regulate the autophagy flux and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activityThe Journal of Biological Chemisty287(31)25941-25952(2012) 2.Wang, S., Chen, X.A., Hu, J., et al.ATF4 gene network mediates cellular response to the anticancer PAD inhibitor YW3-56 in triple-negative breast cancer cellsMol. Cancer Ther.14(4)877-888(2015)

PAD2-IN-1 hydrochloride 是有效的、选择性的蛋白精氨酸脱亚氨酶 2 (PAD2) 抑制剂，且对 PAD2 的选择性优于 PAD4 (95 倍) 和 PAD3 (79 倍)，是一种基于苯并咪唑的衍生物。

CAY10727 is an inhibitor of protein arginine deiminase 3 (PAD3; kinact/KI= 15,600 M-1min-1).1It is selective for PAD3 over PAD1, -2, and -4 (kinact/KIs = 360, 1,110, and 1,460 M-1min-1, respectively). 1.Jamali, H., Khan, H.A., Stringer, J.R., et al.Identification of multiple structurally distinct, nonpeptidic small molecule inhibitors of protein arginine deiminase 3 using a substrate-based fragment methodJ. Am. Chem. Soc.137(10)3616-3621(2015)

AFM-30a hydrochloride 是一种有效的、高度选择性的蛋白质精氨酸脱亚胺酶 2(PAD2) 抑制剂。AFM-30a hydrochloride 能够与 PAD2 结合 (EC50: 9.5 μM)，也能够抑制 H3 瓜氨酸化 (EC50: 0.4 μM)。AFM-30a hydrochloride 能够用于研究某些癌症和多种自身免疫性疾病如类风湿性关节炎 (RA)、多发性硬化症、狼疮和溃疡性结肠炎。

BB-Cl-Yne is a cell-permeable derivative of the protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor BB-Cl-amidine that contains an alkyne moiety for use in click chemistry reactions. BB-CL-Yne inhibits PAD1-4 with Kinact KI values of 6,400, 3,600, 10,800, and 4,900 M-1min-1, respectively. It has been used for labeling PADs in cell-free and cell-based assays, followed by click reactions with azide-modified TAMRA or biotin reporters.

Acefylline piperazine is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class. It acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Acephylline piperazine is a theophylline derivative with a direct bronchodilator action. It has the advantages over theophylline in being far less toxic and producing minimal gastric irritation. It is indicated for the treatment of asthma, emphysema, acute and chronic bronchitis associated with bronchospasm.Acefylline relaxes smooth muscles, relieves bronchospasm & has a stimulant effect on respiration. It stimulates the myocardium & central nervous system, decreases peripheral resistance & venous pressure & causes diuresis. The mechanism of action is still not clear, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in intracellular cyclic AMP does occur, but not apparently at concentrations normally used for clinical effect. Other proposed mechanisms of action include adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism & effects on intracellular......