interferon a-2

At least 23 different variants of IFN-α are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-α subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-α subtypes differ in their sequences by only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include proteins that are truncated by 10 amino acids at the carboxyl-terminal end.

At least 23 different variants of IFN-α are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-α subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-α subtypes only differ in their sequences by one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include proteins truncated by 10 amino acids at the carboxy-terminal end.

Interferon alpha 2 IFNA2 Protein, Rhesus, Recombinant is expressed in yeast. The predicted molecular weight is 19.5 kDa and the accession number is B6CK11.

Interferon alpha 2 IFNA2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.8 kDa and the accession number is P01573.

Interferon alpha 2 IFNA2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 46.29 kDa and the accession number is P01563-1.

Interferon alpha 2 IFNA2 Protein, Rhesus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21 kDa and the accession number is B6CK11.

At least 23 different variants of Interferon-α are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kD and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-α subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-α subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include proteins truncated by 10 amino acids at the carboxyl-terminal end.

Interferon alpha 2 IFNA2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in yeast. The predicted molecular weight is 19.4 kDa and the accession number is B1AYH7.

Interferon alpha 2 IFNA2 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in yeast. The predicted molecular weight is 19.3 kDa and the accession number is P01563.1.

Interferon alpha 2 IFNA2 Protein, Rhesus, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.9 kDa and the accession number is B6CK11.

Cell adhesion molecule 1(CADM1) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and belongs to the nectin family. It contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CADM1 acts as a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Interaction with CRTAM promotes natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by CD8+ cells in vitro as well as NK cell-mediated rejection of tumors expressing CADM3 in vivo. CADM1 may contribute to the less invasive phenotypes of lepidic growth tumor cells. In mast cells, it may mediate attachment to and promote communication with nerves. CADM1, together with MITF, is essential for development and survival of mast cells in vivo. The protein acts as a synaptic cell adhesion molecule and plays a role in the formation of dendritic spines and in synapse assembly. It may be involved in neuronal migration, axon growth, pathfinding, and fasciculation on the axons of differentiating neurons. CADM1 may play diverse roles in the spermatogenesis including in the adhesion of spermatocytes and spermatids to Sertoli cells and for their normal differentiation into mature spermatozoa.

Stimulator of Interferon Gene(Sting,TMEM173) belongs to the TMEM173 family. STING is 379 amino acids (aa) in length. It contains an N-terminal cytoplasmic region (aa 1-20), four transmembrane segments (aa 21-173), and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain (aa 174-379). It ubiquitously expressed in skin endothelial cells, alveolar type 2 pneumocytes, bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophagesand. Its subunit structure associated with the MHC-II complex and Interacts with DDX58 RIG-I, MAVS and SSR2, RNF5 and TRIM56 along with TBK1. This type of protein often uses as facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon.

B7-H3, a member of the B7 family of immunomodulatory molecules, is overexpressed in a wide range of solid cancers.B7-H3 binds to activated T cells via an as yet unidentified receptor. In assays using sub-optimal amount so anti-CD3 stimulation, 2Ig‑B7‑H3 enhances T cell proliferation, T cell interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production, and cytotoxic T cells induction. B7-H3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc), FITC-Labeled is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50.1 kDa and the accession number is Q5ZPR3-2.

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degradation by the proteasome. Monoubiquitinates IKBKB that will negatively regulates Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling. Negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3. Mediates the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IgG1 heavy chain, which is linked to the VCP-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Promotes IRF8 ubiquitination, which enhanced the ability of IRF8 to stimulate cytokine genes transcription in macrophages. Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. Enhances the decapping activity of DCP2. Exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle present in all mammalian cells studied and composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. At least two isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in RO SSA proteins have been identified. The common feature of these proteins is their ability to bind HY RNAs.2. Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG IFN-gamma. Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1 BECN1 and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy. Acts as an autophagy receptor for the degradation of IRF3, hence attenuating type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses. Represses the innate antiviral response by facilitating the formation of the NMI-IFI35 complex through 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of NMI.

IFNAR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.2 kDa and the accession number is P48551-1.

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) belongs to the CD225 family. To replicate, viruses must gain access to the host cell's resources. Interferon (IFN) regulates the actions of a large complement of interferon effector genes (IEGs) that prevent viral replication. The interferon-inducible transmembrane protein family members, IFITM1, 2, and 3, are IEGs required for inhibition of influenza A virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus replication in vitro. IFITM3 is an IFN-induced antiviral protein that mediates cellular innate immunity to at least three major human pathogens, namely influenza A H1N1 virus, West Nile virus (WNV), and dengue virus (WNV), by inhibiting the early step(s) of replication. It is both necessary and sufficient for preventing the emergence of viral genomes from the endosomal pathway. Viral pseudo particles were inhibited from transferring their contents into the host cell cytosol by IFN, and IFITM3 was required and sufficient for this action. IFITM3 overexpression is sufficient for this phenotype. Moreover, IFITM3 partially resides in late endosomal and lysosomal structures, placing it in the path of invading viruses.

B7-H3, a member of the B7 family of immunomodulatory molecules, is overexpressed in a wide range of solid cancers.B7-H3 binds to activated T cells via an as yet unidentified receptor. In assays using sub-optimal amount so anti-CD3 stimulation, 2Ig‑B7‑H3 enhances T cell proliferation, T cell interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production, and cytotoxic T cells induction. B7-H3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 29-245, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.7 kDa and the accession number is Q5ZPR3-2.

Z-DNA Binding Protein 1 (ZBP1) is a protein with 2 DRADA repeats. ZBP1 is highly expressed in lymphatic tissues including lymph node, leukocytes, tonsil, bone marrow, and spleen. ZBP1 participates in the detection of viral and bacterial DNA from by the host's innate immune system. It plays a role in host defense against tumors and pathogens. ZBP1 Acts as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor which, when activated, induces the recruitment of TBK1 and IRF3 to its C-terminal region and activates the downstream interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and NF-kappa B transcription factors, leading to type-I interferon production. ZBP1-induced NF-kappaB activation probably involves the recruitment of the RHIM containing kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3.

Transcriptional regulator which displays a remarkable functional diversity in the regulation of cellular responses. Regulates transcription of IFN and IFN-inducible genes, host response to viral and bacterial infections, regulation of many genes expressed during hematopoiesis, inflammation, immune responses and cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the cell cycle and induction of growth arrest and programmed cell death following DNA damage. Stimulates both innate and acquired immune responses through the activation of specific target genes and can act as a transcriptional activator and repressor regulating target genes by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Competes with the transcriptional repressor ZBED2 for binding to a common consensus sequence in gene promoters. Its target genes for transcriptional activation activity include: genes involved in anti-viral response, such as IFN-alpha beta, DDX58 RIG-I, TNFSF10 TRAIL, ZBP1, OAS1 2, PIAS1 GBP, EIF2AK2 PKR and RSAD2 viperin; antibacterial response, such as NOS2 INOS; anti-proliferative response, such as p53 TP53, LOX and CDKN1A; apoptosis, such as BBC3 PUMA, CASP1, CASP7 and CASP8; immune response, such as IL7, IL12A B and IL15, PTGS2 COX2 and CYBB; DNA damage responses and DNA repair, such as POLQ POLH; MHC class I expression, such as TAP1, PSMB9 LMP2, PSME1 PA28A, PSME2 PA28B and B2M and MHC class II expression, such as CIITA; metabolic enzymes, such as ACOD1 IRG1. Represses genes involved in anti-proliferative response, such as BIRC5 survivin, CCNB1, CCNE1, CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4 and in immune response, such as FOXP3, IL4, ANXA2 and TLR4. Stimulates p53 TP53-dependent transcription through enhanced recruitment of EP300 leading to increased acetylation of p53 TP53. Plays an important role in immune response directly affecting NK maturation and activity, macrophage production of IL12, Th1 development and maturation of CD8+ T-cells. Also implicated in the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells and in the suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells development. Acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a role not only in antagonism of tumor cell growth but also in stimulating an immune response against tumor cells.

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degradation by the proteasome. Monoubiquitinates IKBKB that will negatively regulates Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling. Negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3. Mediates the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IgG1 heavy chain, which is linked to the VCP-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Promotes IRF8 ubiquitination, which enhanced the ability of IRF8 to stimulate cytokine genes transcription in macrophages. Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. Enhances the decapping activity of DCP2. Exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle present in all mammalian cells studied and composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. At least two isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in RO SSA proteins have been identified. The common feature of these proteins is their ability to bind HY RNAs.2. Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG IFN-gamma. Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1 BECN1 and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy. Acts as an autophagy receptor for the degradation of IRF3, hence attenuating type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses. Represses the innate antiviral response by facilitating the formation of the NMI-IFI35 complex through 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of NMI.

IFNAR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.8 kDa and the accession number is P48551-1.

AIM2, Absent In Melanoma 2 is a member of the interferon-inducible HIN-200 protein family that contains an amino-terminal pyrin domain and a carboxy-terminal oligonucleotide oligosaccharide-binding domain, senses cytoplasmic DNA by means of its oligonucleotide oligosaccharide-binding domain and interacts with ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) through its pyrin domain to activate caspase-1. In response to foreign cytoplasmic DNA, AIM2 forms an inflammasome, resulting in caspase activation in inflammatory cells. It had been pointed to a role of AIM2 function in both inflammation and cancer. AIM-2 antigen is expressed in a wide variety of tumor types, including neuroectodermal tumors, as well as breast, ovarian and colon carcinomas. AIM-2 could be used as a tumor antigen target for monitoring vaccine trials or to develop antigen specific active immunotherapy for glioma patients.

Leukocyte-derived arginine aminopeptidase (LRAP), also known as endoplasmic reticulum-aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), is the second identified aminopeptidase localized in the in the lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) processing antigenic peptides presented to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. It is a 96-amino acid protein with significant homology to placental leucine aminopeptidase and adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase. LRAP preferentially hydrolyzes the basic residues Arg and Lys, and contains the HEXXH(X)18E zinc-binding motif, which is the characteristic of the M1 family of zinc metallopeptidases which also includes PILS ARTS1 ERAP1 and LNPEP PLAP. Induced by interferon-gamma, LRAP is able to trim various MHC class I antigenic peptide precursors.

IFNAR2 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.3 kDa and the accession number is XP_005548871.1.

GBP-2 belongs to the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family. GBPs are characterized by their ability to specifically bind guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP). As GTPases induced by IFN-gamma (Interferon-inducible GTPase), they are key to the protective immunity against microbial and viral pathogens. GBP-2 is a GTPase that converts GTP to GDP and GMP. It binds GTP, GDP and GMP. GBP-2 hydrolyzes GTP very efficiently. GDP rather than GMP is the major reaction product. GBP-2 is induced by interferons that have antiviral effects and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.

IP6K1 (Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. IHPK1 is an inositol hexaphosphate kinase (IHPK) protein that belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family. IHPK proteins are likely responsible for the conversion of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) to diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7 PP-InsP5). IHPK1 may also convert 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) to PP-InsP4 and affect the growth-suppressive and apoptotic activities of interferon-beta in some ovarian cancers. During cell death, IHPK1 activity is enhanced, and the intracellular InsP7 level is augmented. The distribution of IHPK1 or another predisposing gene affected by the position effect of translocation may explain the T2DM phenotype at least in this family.

Interferon‑alpha beta receptor 1 (IFN‑ alpha beta R1), also known as IFNAR1, are present in all tissues and even on the surface of most IFN-resistant cells. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 are expressed in the IFN-alpha sensitive myeloma cell line U266B1. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 are expressed in the IFN-alpha resistant myeloma cell line U266R. Isoform 1 is not expressed in IFN-alpha resistant myeloma cell line U266R. It interacts with STAT1 and STAT2, the interaction requires its phosphorylation at Tyr-466. It also interacts with FBXW11, the substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex.

B7-H3, a member of the B7 family of immunomodulatory molecules, is overexpressed in a wide range of solid cancers.B7-H3 binds to activated T cells via an as yet unidentified receptor. In assays using sub-optimal amount so anti-CD3 stimulation, 2Ig‑B7‑H3 enhances T cell proliferation, T cell interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production, and cytotoxic T cells induction. B7-H3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 29-245, hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50.1 kDa and the accession number is Q5ZPR3-2.

PA28A, also known as PSME1, is a subunit of proteasome. The 26S proteasome multicatalytic proteinase complex has a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 2S core and a 19S regulator. The 2S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 1 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. PSME1 gene encodes the alpha subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three alpha and three beta subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring.

PSME2, also known as PA28b, is a subunit of proteasome. The 26S proteasome multicatalytic proteinase complex has a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 2S core and a 19S regulator. The 2S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 1 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. PSME2 gene encodes the beta subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three beta and three alpha subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring.

IFI30 belongs to the GILT family. This family includes the two characterized human gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) sequences: P13284 and Q9UL08. It also contains several other eukaryotic putative proteins with similarity to GILT. The aligned region contains three conserved cysteine residues. Besides, the two GILT sequences possess a C-X(2)-C motif that is shared by some of the other sequences in the family. This motif is thought to be associated with disulfide bond reduction. IFI30 is a lysosomal thiol reductase that can reduce protein disulfide bonds. It facilitates the generation of MHC class II-restricted epitopes from disulfide bond-containing antigens by the endocytic reduction of disulfide bonds. It also facilitates MHC class I-restricted recognition of exogenous antigens containing disulfide bonds by CD8+ T-cells or cross-presentation. IFI30 may facilitate the complete unfolding of proteins destined for lysosomal degradation and plays an important role in antigen processing.

IFNAR2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.2 kDa and the accession number is P48551-1.