pacap (638), human, ovine, rat

Adropin (34-76) (human, mouse, rat) 是一种多肽，可减轻肝纤维化和胰岛素抵抗，而不依赖于肥胖或食物摄入。

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate 是 PAC1 受体的激活剂。PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate 对交感神经元 NPY 和儿茶酚胺的产生具有强效、有效和持续的刺激作用，可用于神经营养和神经保护研究。

Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate 是一种与 somatostatin-14 结构相似的神经肽，具有抗惊厥、神经保护作用和显着的抗炎特性。 Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate 通过与生长抑素受体结合并发挥其功能。

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat acetate (PACAP 1-27 acetate)(127317-03-7 free base) 是一种新的神经肽，最初从牛下丘脑中分离出来，也存在于人和大鼠中。

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat acetate 是一种五肽，主要由分泌的胰腺前脂肪酶在肠道中形成。

MCH(human, mouse, rat) 是MCH-R 肽激动剂，对 CHO 细胞系中 MCH-2R 高度敏感，激活 MCH-1R 和 MCH-2R 的IC50 值分别为 0.3 和 1.5 nM，EC50值对分别为 3.9 和 0.1 nM。

Angiotensin I (human, mouse, rat) 是血管紧张素Ⅱ的前体物质，在血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE) 的参与下裂解成血管紧张素Ⅱ。

PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide 38) 是含有 38 个氨基酸残基的神经肽。它能够结合 PACAP I 型受体(IC50:4 nM)、PACAP II 型受体 VIP1(IC50:2 nM)、PACAP II 型受体 VIP2(IC50:1 nM)。

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat, is a potent and selective antagonist of PACAP 38, outperforming PACAP (6-27) in inhibiting PACAP-27-stimulated pituitary adenylate cyclase.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat acetate 是一种有效的 PACAP 受体拮抗剂。PACAP (6-38) 作用于 PACAP I 型受体，PACAP II 型受体 VIP1 和 PACAP II 型受体 VIP2，IC50 分别为 30 nM，600 nM 和 40 nM。

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate 是外源性血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 受体对颈上神经节 (SCG) 中 cAMP 作用的拮抗剂。

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 30 nM, 600 nM, and 40 nM for the PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

Acetyl-ACTH (4-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是原黑色素皮质素 (POMC) 肽的片段。POMC 肽，如促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)，是α-MSH 的前体，也是 MC-1受体的激动剂。

Acetyl-ACTH (7-24) (human, bovine, rat) 可导致 ACTH 诱发的皮质酮和醛固酮释放显著减少。

'(Met(O)27)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) 为修饰版胰高血糖素。在大鼠肝细胞内，其促进葡萄糖合成的活性虽与天然胰高血糖素相似，但呈现出较低效率，暗示蛋氨酸对于胰高血糖素与其肝脏受体绑定具有关键性作用。'

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA 是一种有效的 MCH-R 的肽激动剂，与 MCH1R 和 MCH2R 结合的 IC50值分别为 0.3 nM 和 1.5 nM。MCH (human, mouse, rat) 对 CHO 细胞系中 MCH-2R 高度敏感，通过 FLIPR 监测细胞内钙动员，显示出功能性激活 MCH-1R 和 MCH-2R 的EC50值对分别为 3.9 nM 和 0.1 nM。

CART(62-76)(human,rat) TFA 是一种类似神经递质的神经肽，由CART肽的62至76残基组成。该化合物能够调控纹状体去甲肾上腺素能、皮质纹状体及下丘脑在5-羟色胺能(5-HT)系统中的活性。

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat) 是ACTH的3-24片段，适用于癌症、免疫疾病、心血管疾病等多种疾病的研究。

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (3-36) is a C-terminal fragment of NPY, a neuropeptide involved in controlling appetite, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion. NPY (3-36) is an endogenous peptide produced by cleavage of NPY by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). It binds selectively to the NPY receptor Y2 (Ki = 0.41 nM in CHP 234 cells) over the Y1 receptor, where it does not bind at concentrations up to 1 μM. NPY (3-36) (0.1 nM) increases migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 80% after 12 hours in an in vitro wound closure assay. NPY (3-36) corresponds to residues 3-36 of the human and rat protein sequence.

PACAP (1-27) (the N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

(Des-Glu5)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 的类似物。ACTH 是一种由垂体前叶腺产生的多肽激素，调节皮质醇和雄激素的产生。

IRBP1-20（1-20）是IRBP的一个十二肽片段，亦称视黄醇结合蛋白3，负责运输视锥细胞中的视黄醇和视黄醛至视网膜色素上皮，参与色素再生。在携带H-2b等位基因型的C57BL/6小鼠中，IRBP1-20用于诱导自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎。IRBP1-20（3 µM）能增加初级小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-4、IL-5和IL-6的水平。用IRBP1-20免疫并再次挑战，可增加IFN-γ缺乏小鼠的耳部肿胀、眼部血管炎症、免疫细胞浸润和视锥细胞层损伤，以及视网膜脱落。

pTH-Related Protein (1-37) (human, mouse, rat) 为甲状旁腺相关蛋白 (pTHrP) 的肽段，涉及骨形成的生理调控过程。

Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 12 peptide (PAMP-12) 是一种内源性肽段，源自人体肾上腺髓质，对应人类PAMP-20的9-20氨基酸，涉及降低血压。它是MAS相关G蛋白偶联受体家族成员X2 (MRGPRX2) 的激动剂。在表达人MRGPRX2的CHO细胞中，PAMP-12抑制forskolin诱导的cAMP积累（EC50 = 57.2 nM），特异性诱导表达MRGPRX2的CHO细胞的钙离子动员（EC50 = 41 nM），而在表达MRGPRX1、MRGPRX3或MRGPRX4的细胞中则无此效应（在1 µM浓度下）。PAMP-12还能作为烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）的拮抗剂，抑制carbachol诱导的儿茶酚胺释放（IC50 = 1.3 µM）及钙和钠的流入（IC50分别为0.39 µM和0.87 µM），但不抑制组胺诱导的儿茶酚胺释放或钙和钠的流入（IC50 >1 µM），在初级牛肾上腺嗜铬细胞中有此表现。当以10至50 nmol/kg剂量给予正常血压大鼠时，PAMP-12能降低平均动脉血压。

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

(Asn10,Leu11,D-Trp12)-pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) 是一种有效的 PTH-1R 拮抗剂。

Acetyl-ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是原黑色素皮质素 (POMC) 肽的片段。POMC 肽，如促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)，是α-MSH 的前体，也是 MC-1 受体的激动剂。

[Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y(human,rat) TFA 是一种针对神经肽 YY1受体的特定激动剂，并亦能够激活Y4和Y5受体。该化合物能提高麻醉大鼠的血压并增加食物摄入。

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat (TFA), exhibits potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neurons.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) is a potent antagonist that effectively counteracts the effects of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling.

GLP-1(1-36) amide (human, rat)（人类及大鼠的胰高血糖素样肽1（1-36）酰胺）是GLP-1(7-36)酰胺的一种分子变体。该化合物能激发[14C]氨基吡啶在大鼠胃壁细胞的酶分散体中积累。

(Des-His6)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 的类似物。ACTH 是一种由垂体前叶腺产生的多肽激素，调节皮质醇和雄激素的产生。

EILDV (human, bovine, rat)为一种具有保守性三肽LDV序列的活性五肽类似物，适用于细胞粘附研究。

pTH-Related Protein (1-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) 为PTHrP的N末端片段，能够诱导高钙血症，适于研究与恶性肿瘤相关的体液性高钙血症。

'(Asp28)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine)' 为胰高血糖素的一种改良型结构，在第28位氨基酸残基上天冬氨酸（Asp）替换原有残基，显著提高了该化合物在生理pH条件下的溶解性，且保持了与天然胰高血糖素相同的生物活性。

Orexin A (Hypocretin-1) (human, rat, mouse) acetate 是一种具有镇痛特性的下丘脑神经肽 (可透过血脑屏障)。Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) acetate 也是一种OX1R 激动剂，能以时间和剂量依赖性的方式诱导 SH-SY5Y 细胞BDNF 和TH 蛋白的表达。Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) acetate 可用于食欲调节、神经退行性疾病，以及调节伤害性信息传递的研究。

Enterostatin (human,mouse,rat) TFA, 作为一种五肽，主由胰前脂酶在肠道中裂解生成。它能选择性降低脂肪摄取、体重及体脂。

'(Tyr36)-pTH-Related Protein (1-36) (human, mouse, rat)'是用于甲状旁腺激素(PTH)受体的肽类配体。

GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003). GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2 References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003).

PACAP (6-27) (human, ovine, rat) 是一种对PACAP受体具有拮抗作用的化合物，可以抑制犬肾上腺对外源性VIP的反应。此化合物在心血管疾病和神经系统疾病研究中展现出应用潜力。

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (6-27) is a PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1,500, 600, and 300 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells. It binds to PACAP receptors on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and T47D human breast cancer cells (IC50s = 24.5, 106, and 105 nM, respectively) and inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by PACAP (1-38) (Kis = 457, 102, and 283 nM, respectively, in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and T47D cells). In vivo, in newborn pigs, PACAP (6-27) (10 μM) inhibits vasodilation of pial arterioles induced by PACAP (1-27) and PACAP (1-38) . It also inhibits PACAP (1-27)-stimulated increases in plasma insulin and glucagon levels and pancreatic venous blood flow in dogs when administered locally to the pancreas at a dose of 500 μg.

Endogenous agonist at orexin receptors (Ki values are 20 and 38 nM for OX1 and OX2 receptors respectively). Stimulates feeding following central administration and may be involved in the control of sleep-wake cycle and other hypothalamic functions.

Endothelin-3 (human, mouse, rabbit, rat) is a cyclic 21-amino acid peptide, acting as an endogenous neuropeptide and potent vasoconstrictor.

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat TFA (PACAP 1-27 TFA), an N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38, is an effective PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 3 nM for rat PAC1, 2 nM for rat VPAC1, and 5 nM for human VPAC2.

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat) (Human PTHrP (107-111) amide) 是一段具有抑制骨吸收作用的C端甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白片段。

pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) 为一种高效的甲状旁腺激素 (PTH) 拮抗剂。

GLP-1(1-36) amide (human, rat) TFA为胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)-(7-36)酰胺的分子变体，能够促进[14C]氨基吡啶在大鼠壁细胞的酶分散体中的积累。

Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) is a metabolite of neuropeptide Y (NPY) generated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Known as a selective Y2 receptor agonist, Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) effectively reduces the release of norepinephrine via the Y2 receptor[1][2].